Trong quan hệ lao động, người lao động và người sử dụng lao động sẽ không thể tránh khỏi những bất đồng khi thực hiện quyền và nghĩa vụ của các bên. Những bất đồng này sẽ là nguyên nhân dẫn đến các tranh chấp lao động trong các doanh nghiệp. Xuất phát từ thực tiễn, cần xem xét thực trạng xử lý tranh chấp lao động tại Việt Nam để đưa ra được những giải pháp tối ưu nhất cho vấn đề này.
Trong những năm gần đây, tuy có những thay đổi và cải cách nhưng việc giải quyết các tranh chấp lao động ở nước ta vẫn còn nhiều tồn tại đáng quan ngại. Theo báo cáo của Tòa án, trong 05 năm (2012 – 2016), Tòa án các cấp đã xét xử sơ thẩm 24854 vụ tranh chấp lao động (bình quân mỗi năm phải xét xử 4970 vụ), số vụ tranh chấp giải quyết tại Tòa năm sau cao hơn năm trước, bình quân mỗi năm tăng hơn 1000 vụ. Trong đó số vụ tranh chấp về bảo hiểm xã hội chiếm tỷ lệ 43%; số vụ tranh chấp về xử lý kỷ luật, sa thải, đơn phương chấm dứt hợp đồng lao động, bồi thường thiệt hại chiếm tỷ lệ 19%; số vụ tranh chấp liên quan đến việc làm, tiền lương chiếm 21% tổng số các vụ việc lao động được thụ lý.
Nhìn vào thực tiễn nêu trên, chúng có thể thấy việc xử lý tranh chấp lao động ở Việt Nam trong những năm gần đây vẫn còn nhiều tồn đọng, đòi hỏi phải có những biện pháp mới phù hợp hơn, thưc tiễn hơn để ngăn chặn triệt để những nguyên nhân gây nên bất đồng, tranh chấp.
Thứ nhất, các tranh chấp lao động không được giải quyết kịp thời dẫn đến các hậu quả pháp lý nghiêm trọng. Thực tế cho thấy các cơ quan, tổ chức đã nỗ lực giải quyết các vụ tranh chấp nhưng việc giải quyết lại chỉ được thực hiện khi các tranh chấp đó đã xảy ra. Vấn đề đặt ra ở đây là cần phải ngăn chặn, phát hiện các dấu hiệu tranh chấp lao động kịp thời, trước khi nó gây ra những hậu quả nghiêm trọng hơn. Điều đó vừa giúp ngăn chặn tranh chấp lao động xảy ra, vừa giúp tiết kiệm thời gian và công sức khi hạn chế được các hậu quả phát sinh sau này.
Thứ hai, nguyên nhân tiếp theo xuất phát từ người sử dụng lao động. Cụ thể, trong nội bộ doanh nghiệp, người sử dụng lao động cần phải cân bằng lợi ích và quyền lợi của người lao động, làm cho người lao động không cảm thấy bất công trong quá trình làm việc. Đồng thời, cần phải xây dựng quan hệ lao động ổn định trên nền tảng chia sẻ lợi ích hài hòa giữa người lao động và doanh nghiệp, cam kết thực hiện đúng theo hợp đồng lao động để đảm bảo đầy đủ quyền và lợi ích cho người lao động.
Thứ ba, nguyên nhân cuối cùng xuất phát từ chính người lao động. Trước khi giao kết hợp đồng lao động, người lao động cần: (1) tìm hiểu kỹ các thông tin về người sử dụng lao động; (2) tìm hiểu quyền lợi mình sẽ được hưởng như các quy định về việc trả lương, điều kiện làm việc, chế độ bảo hiểm xã hội,… và nghĩa vụ, trách nhiệm mình phải thực hiện. Việc am hiểu pháp luật lao động sẽ giúp người lao động có thể tự bảo vệ quyền và lợi hợp pháp của mình.
Trên đây là bài viết về thực trạng xử lý tranh chấp lao động của Công ty Luật TNHH Apra. Quý Khách hàng còn thắc mắc, vui lòng liên hệ hotline để được hỗ trợ tư vấn
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