Hôn nhân là quan hệ pháp luật hình thành giữa vợ và chồng. Sau khi kết hôn, các khối tài sản của vợ chồng bao gồm tài sản chung của vợ chồng, tài sản riêng của chồng và tài sản riêng của vợ. Họ có quyền thoả thuận về chế độ tài sản của vợ chồng bao gồm thoả thuận về tài sản trước thời kì hôn nhân và sau thời kì hôn nhân.
Điều 28 Luật hôn nhân và gia đình năm 2014 có quy định về chế độ tài sản vợ chồng gồm hai chế độ là chế độ tài sản theo luật định và chế độ tài sản theo thỏa thuận. Theo đó, vợ chồng có quyền lựa chọn áp dụng một trong hai chế độ này. Chế độ tài sản của vợ chồng theo thỏa thuận được thực hiện theo quy định tại các điều 47, 48, 49, 50 và 59 của Luật hôn nhân và gia đình năm 2014. Chế độ tài sản của vợ chồng theo luật định được thực hiện theo quy định tại các điều từ Điều 33 đến Điều 46 và từ Điều 59 đến Điều 64 của Luật hôn nhân và gia đình năm 2014.
Chế độ tài sản của vợ chồng theo luật định bao gồm tài sản chung và tài sản riêng như sau:
Tài sản chung của vợ chồng (Theo Điều 33 Luật hôn nhân và gia đình năm 2014)
– Tài sản chung của vợ chồng gồm tài sản do vợ, chồng tạo ra, thu nhập do lao động, hoạt động sản xuất, kinh doanh, hoa lợi, lợi tức phát sinh từ tài sản riêng và thu nhập hợp pháp khác trong thời kỳ hôn nhân, trừ trường hợp được quy định tại khoản 1 Điều 40 của Luật này; tài sản mà vợ chồng được thừa kế chung hoặc được tặng cho chung và tài sản khác mà vợ chồng thỏa thuận là tài sản chung.
Trong đó, hoa lợi là sản vật tự nhiên mà tài sản mang lại và lợi tức là khoản lợi thu được từ việc khai thác tài sản (Theo quy định tại Điều 109 Bộ luật dân sự 2015). Ví dụ: Hai vợ chồng có tài sản chung là một đàn gà và gà đẻ trứng thì trứng gà là hoa lợi. Còn hai vợ chồng có tài sản chung là một ngôi nhà và họ cho thuê nhà thì tiền thuê nhà là lợi tức.
– Quyền sử dụng đất mà vợ, chồng có được sau khi kết hôn là tài sản chung của vợ chồng, trừ trường hợp vợ hoặc chồng được thừa kế riêng, được tặng cho riêng hoặc có được thông qua giao dịch bằng tài sản riêng.
– Tài sản chung của vợ chồng thuộc sở hữu chung hợp nhất, được dùng để bảo đảm nhu cầu của gia đình, thực hiện nghĩa vụ chung của vợ chồng.
– Trong trường hợp không có căn cứ để chứng minh tài sản mà vợ, chồng đang có tranh chấp là tài sản riêng của mỗi bên thì tài sản đó được coi là tài sản chung.
Tài sản riêng của vợ, chồng (Theo Điều 43 Luật hôn nhân và gia đình năm 2014)
– Tài sản riêng của vợ, chồng gồm tài sản mà mỗi người có trước khi kết hôn; tài sản được thừa kế riêng, được tặng cho riêng trong thời kỳ hôn nhân; tài sản được chia riêng cho vợ, chồng theo quy định tại các điều 38, 39 và 40 của Luật này; tài sản phục vụ nhu cầu thiết yếu của vợ, chồng và tài sản khác mà theo quy định của pháp luật thuộc sở hữu riêng của vợ, chồng.
– Tài sản được hình thành từ tài sản riêng của vợ, chồng cũng là tài sản riêng của vợ, chồng. Hoa lợi, lợi tức phát sinh từ tài sản riêng trong thời kỳ hôn nhân được thực hiện theo quy định tại khoản 1 Điều 33 và khoản 1 Điều 40 của Luật này.
Ví dụ: Vợ chồng có hai ngôi nhà là tài sản chung. Trong thời kì hôn nhân, họ thoả thuận chia tài sản chung, theo đó mỗi người sẽ có một ngôi nhà là tài sản riêng. Người vợ cho thuê ngôi nhà là tài sản riêng của mình sau khi chia tài sản chung thì tiền thuê nhà sẽ là tài sản riêng của người vợ.
Trên đây là bài viết tư vấn về “Xác định tài sản chung, riêng của vợ chồng” của Công ty Luật TNHH Apra. Quý khách hàng còn thắc mắc về các vấn đề nêu trên và cần được giải đáp, vui lòng liên hệ số hotline để được tư vấn và hỗ trợ.
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