Chia tài sản khi ly hôn là vấn đề phức tạp và gây ra không ít tranh cãi cho các bên ngay cả khi đã có quyết định của Toà án. Đặc biệt đối với trường hợp ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài, vấn đề chia tài sản càng trở nên phức tạp khi luật áp dụng để giải quyết có sự dẫn chiếu đến pháp luật nước ngoài. Bên viết dưới đây sẽ đưa ra khái quát quy định pháp luật Việt Nam hiện hành về chia tài sản khi ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài
Các trường hợp cụ thể của ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài
Giữa công dân Việt Nam với người nước ngoài (người nước ngoài là người không có quốc tịch Việt Nam);
Giữa người nước ngoài với nhau thường trú ở Việt Nam;
Giữa người Việt Nam với nhau nhưng kết hôn và được công nhận ở nước ngoài;
Giữa vợ, chồng là công dân Việt Nam nhưng đang không cùng thường trú ở Việt Nam hoặc cùng thường trú ở nước ngoài tại thời điểm yêu cầu ly hôn ;
Tài sản là bất động sản liên quan đến việc ly hôn đang ở nước ngoài. (Tranh chấp ly hôn giữa chị A và anh B đều là người Việt Nam về việc phân chia tài sản chung là mảnh đất tại bang California, Mỹ)
Luật áp dụng về chia tài sản khi ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài
Theo điều 127 và điều điều 122 Luật Hôn nhân và Gia đình số 52/2014/QH13 hiện hành về ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài thì:
Thứ nhất, trong trường hợp bên là công dân Việt Nam không thường trú ở Việt Nam vào thời điểm yêu cầu ly hôn thì việc ly hôn được giải quyết theo pháp luật của nước nơi thường trú chung của vợ chồng; nếu họ không có nơi thường trú chung thì giải quyết theo pháp luật Việt Nam.
Đối với trường hợp áp dụng pháp luật Việt Nam, trong trường hợp chế độ tài sản của vợ chồng theo thỏa thuận thì việc giải quyết tài sản khi ly hôn được áp dụng theo thỏa thuận đó. Nếu không có thoả thuận, về nguyên tắc,tài sản chung của vợ chồng được chia đôi, nhưng có xem xét thêm một số yếu tố về hoàn cảnh gia đình, công sức đóng góp vào khối tài sản chung, bảo vệ lợi ích chính đáng trong sản xuất, kinh doanh, nghề nghiệp
và lỗi, tài sản chung của vợ chồng được chia bằng hiện vật, nếu không chia được bằng hiện vật thì chia theo giá trị; bên nào nhận phần tài sản bằng hiện vật có giá trị lớn hơn phần mình được hưởng thì phải thanh toán cho bên kia phần chênh lệch. Tài sản riêng của vợ (chồng) thì vẫn thuộc sở hữu của vợ (chồng).
Thứ hai, việc giải quyết tài sản là bất động sản ở nước ngoài khi ly hôn tuân theo pháp luật của nước nơi có bất động sản đó.Nghĩa vụ chứng minh pháp luật nước ngoài khi áp dụng sẽ thuộc về Toà án giải quyết vụ án.
Một số khó khăn trong vấn đề chia tài sản khi ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài
Khó khăn trong vấn đề chia tài sản khi ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài thể hiện ở chỗ cả luật nước ngoài và luật Việt Nam đều có thể được áp dụng để giải quyết
Ví dụ như đối với trường hợp ly hôn giữa vợ là người Việt Nam còn chồng là người Pháp, tài sản bao gồm nhà ở Pháp và tiền mặt ở Việt Nam. Khi giải quyết ly hôn trong trường hợp này thì cả pháp luật Việt Nam và pháp luật của Pháp đều được áp dụng để giải quyết. Vậy câu hỏi đặt ra là nếu pháp luật Việt Nam và pháp luật của Pháp quy định về chia tài sản khi ly hôn khác nhau thì Toà án khi giải quyết sẽ xử lý thế nào.
Hay đối với trường hợp vợ chồng người Việt Nam kết hôn và thường trú tại Mỹ, tuy nhiên ở Việt Nam được thừa kế từ bố mẹ một mảnh đất tại Việt Nam do người vợ đứng tên trên giấy chứng nhận quyền sử dụng đất, hai vợ chồng có đầu tư kinh doanh tại Việt Nam sinh ra hoa lợi, lợi tức. Vậy với những tài sản trên vấn đề chia tài sản khi ly hôn của hai vợ chồng này sẽ giải quyết thế nào khi mà hai người thường trú tại Mỹ thì phải áp dụng pháp luật Mỹ để giải quyết nhưng tài sản tranh chấp lại phát sinh tại Việt Nam.
Giải quyết tranh chấp tài sản ly hôn nói chung đã là vấn đề phức tạp, giải quyết ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài khi có sự dẫn chiếu áp dụng đến pháp luật nước ngoài để giải quyết tranh chấp về tài sản càng gây nhiều khó khăn cho các bên đương sự khi muốn tìm căn cứ để xác định hướng giải quyết và thoả thuận trước khi tìm đến Toà án.
Trên đây là bài viết tư vấn về “Chia tài sản khi ly hôn có yếu tố nước ngoài” của Công ty Luật TNHH Apra. Quý khách còn thắc mắc về các vấn đề nêu trên và cần được giải đáp, vui lòng liên hệ số hotline được tư vấn và hỗ trợ.
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Mọi thông tin yêu cầu tư vấn xin vui lòng liên hệ:
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